Earlier Houses: The current house incorporates elements of the earlier Tern Hall.

Built / Designed For: 1st Baron Berwick

House & Family History: This grand Neoclassical house, which today lends its name to the famous Attingham Summer School (founded here in 1952), is the best surviving mansion designed by the Gaelic-speaking Scottish architect George Steuart. In his day a rival of Robert Adam, Steuart mastered his refined architectural vocabulary and this stately Shropshire house exemplifies elegance both outside, with its finely cut Grinshill stone masonry, and inside, where ravishingly beautiful plasterwork ornaments the principal rooms' ceilings. After the 1789 death of the 1st Lord Berwick, the house was inherited by his son, the 2nd Lord Berwick. A spendthrift who scandalized respectable society by marrying the London courtesan Sophia Dubouchet, the 2nd Lord turned to John Nash for his architectural endeavors and to the landscape gardener Humphry Repton to create a setting worthy of the great house. Having undertaken an extensive Grand Tour at his succession, Lord Berwick had many paintings and sculptures to display, and Nash responded with an amazing Picture Gallery. This glorious early 19th century room had vermilion walls and scagliola porphyry columns topped with gilded Corinthian capitals, but it also incorporated the latest technology: curved cast iron ribs that contained glass panels that gave the effect of the room being lit from its coving. One of the world’s first top-lit picture galleries, it was a design that would later be adopted by museums around the world. Lord Berwick's spending ran to excess and sales followed, including a 28-day sale in 1827 of the contents of Attingham Park. Although later members of the family refurnished the house, notably the 2nd Lord's brother, the 3rd Baron, and his eventual successor, the 8th Lord Berwick, only recently have some of the 2nd Lord Berwick's Regency decorations been uncovered and restored by the National Trust. On the death of the 8th Lord Berwick in 1947, the house, together with 4,000 acres, was given to the National Trust. In Julian Fellowe’s 2016 book, "Belgravia," the fictional Lymington Park, the Brockenhurst family home, was inspired by Attingham Park, specifically the picture gallery. (We are very grateful to Gareth Williams for this history of Attingham Park.)

Collections: The 2nd Lord Berwick returned from his Grand Tour in the 1790s bursting with paintings, sculpture, and vases, including pieces from Hadrian’s Villa and Herculaneum. But he overspent and bankrupted himself, so in 1827 there was a huge 28-day sale of the contents of Attingham, which spread the great collection to the winds. A number of lots were purchased by other Shropshire country houses, including furniture that is today in the collection of Onslow Park. One of Titian's masterpieces, 1562's "The Rape of Europa,” painted for King Philip II of Spain, was purchased for 700 guineas by the 2nd Lord Berwick on December 26, 1798, at the Bryan Orléans Collection sale at the London Lyceum. Circa 1824 the 4th Earl of Darnley acquired the Titian from Lord Berwick for his collection at Cobham Hall, Kent. In June of 1896 Bernard Berenson acquired "The Rape of Europa" from the 6th Earl of Darnley for Isabella Stewart Gardner, who paid £20,000 ($100,000) for the masterwork, a record price at the time for an Old Master picture. The painting is today in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, where it is acknowledged to be one of the greatest Italian paintings in the United States (see photo in "Images" section). The Regency interiors of Attingham are famous today for their collections of ambassadorial silver, Italian furniture, and Grand Tour paintings, most of which was purchased by the 3rd Lord Berwick. An 18th century Chinese white silk strip painted with designs of flowers that once probably hung in the Picture Gallery or drawing room at Attingham is today in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Comments: Attingham is considered one of the great houses of the Midlands.

Garden & Outbuildings: The house is located within a 200-acre park. Situated on the 4,000-acre Attingham Estate and designed circa 1805 by John Nash (who also designed the park) in the cottage orné style as the home for the 2nd Lord Berwick's agent, Francis Walford, Cronkhill is the first and best-known example of John Nash's Italianate villas. Intended to look like one of the Quattrocento Tuscan farmhouses depicted by Claude Lorraine or Poussin, the design fulfills all of the criteria of the Picturesque movement. The house has an asymmetrical plan, with each of the rooms—library, drawing room, and dining room—enjoying the splendid views across the broad meanders of the River Severn toward the Wrekin, which rises, almost Vesuvius-like, in the distance. Cronkhill complements the views that it enjoys and has changed remarkably little since it was first built. The house is owned by the National Trust and is tenanted, with limited public access. The grounds also contain the deer park, riverside walks, and a woodland sculpture trail. (We are very grateful to Gareth Williams for the history of Cronkhill.) In July of 2024 archaeologists discovered two unknown Roman villas on the Attingham Estate.

Vitruvius Britannicus: C. New, II, pls. 25-30, 1808.

John Preston (J.P.) Neale, published under the title of Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, among other titles: 2.S. Vol. III, 1826.

Country Life: XLIX, 158 plan, 186, 1921. CXVI, 1350, 1954.

House Listed: Grade I

Park Listed: Grade II*

Past Seat / Home of: SEATED AT EARLIER HOUSE: Sir Rowland Hill, 16th century. SEATED AT CURRENT HOUSE: Noel Hill, 1st Baron Berwick, 1785-89; Thomas Noel Hill, 2nd Baron Berwick, 1789-1832; William Noel-Hill, 3rd Baron Berwick, 1832-42; Richard Noel-Hill, 4th Baron Berwick, 1842-48; Richard Noel Noel-Hill, 5th Baron Berwick, 1848-61; William Noel-Hill, 6th Baron Berwick, 1861-82; Richard Henry Noel-Hill, 7th Baron Berwick, 1882-97; Thomas Henry Noel-Hill, 8th Baron Berwick, 1897-1947 (the barony became extinct in 1953).

Current Ownership Type: The National Trust

Primary Current Ownership Use: Visitor Attraction

Ownership Details: The cottage orné, Cronkhill, is open to the public on a limited basis.

House Open to Public: Yes

Phone: 01743-708-162

Fax: 01743-708-155

Email: [email protected]

Website: https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk

Historic Houses Member: No